Ramesses was approximately eleven years old at the time of his father's accession. His grandfather, Ramesses I, was a civilian military officer during the reign of pharaoh Horemheb, who appointed Ramesses I as his successor. Ramesses' mummy is now on display at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, located in the city of Cairo. Upon his death, he was buried in a tomb ( KV7) in the Valley of the Kings his body was later moved to the Royal Cache, where it was discovered by archaeologists in 1881. Įstimates of his age at death vary, though 90 or 91 is considered to be the most likely figure.
He celebrated an unprecedented thirteen or fourteen Sed festivals-more than any other pharaoh. Ramesses led several military expeditions into the Levant, where he reasserted Egyptian control over Canaan and Phoenicia he also led a number of expeditions into Nubia, all commemorated in inscriptions at Beit el-Wali and Gerf Hussein. After establishing the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta, he designated it as Egypt's new capital and used it as the main staging point for his campaigns in Syria. Ramesses was also referred to as the "Great Ancestor" by successor pharaohs and the Egyptian people.įor the early part of his reign, he focused on building cities, temples, and monuments. In ancient Greek sources, he is called Ozymandias, derived from the first part of his Egyptian-language regnal name: Usermaatre Setepenre. He is also widely considered one of ancient Egypt's most successful warrior pharaohs, conducting no fewer than 15 military campaigns, all resulting in victories, excluding the Battle of Kadesh, generally considered a stalemate. Along with Thutmose III of the Eighteenth Dynasty, he is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom, which itself was the most powerful period of ancient Egypt. He was the third ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty. 1303 BC – 1213 BC), commonly known as Ramesses the Great, was an Egyptian pharaoh. Ramesses II ( / ˈ r æ m ə s iː z, ˈ r æ m s iː z, ˈ r æ m z iː z/ Ancient Egyptian: rꜥ-ms-sw, Rīꜥa-masē-sə, Semitic pronunciation: c. Nefertari, Isetnofret, Maathorneferure, Meritamen, Bintanath, Nebettawy, HenutmireĨ8–103 ( List of children of Ramesses II)Ību Simbel, Abydos, Ramesseum, Luxor, Karnak "Ramesses (Re is the one who bore him), beloved of Amun" "The justice of Rê is powerful – chosen of Rê" "Protector of Egypt who curbs foreign lands" "The strong bull, beloved of right (truth)"
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